Selection of a rational degree of specialization of Russian companies involved in construction of nuclear power plants in foreign countries

Abstract

Specialization is one of the forms of social division of labour which is expressed in the concentration of construction companies on performing homogeneous types of work or erecting construction facilities having the same function. Forms of specialization play an important role in the construction process arrangement. Their economic efficiency, which is expressed, first of all, in the increase of labour productivity, rises with the narrowing of the range of works performed and a freer exchange of resources. Four forms of specialization are developing; they are industry-specific, subject or object — focused, technological and sub-industrial ones.

Industry-specific specialization provides for the identification of companies specializing in the construction of certain buildings and structures for certain industries of the national economy. Such specialization exists at the level of ministries.

Subject-focused specialization means the foundation of corporate entities specializing in the construction of buildings and structures having common volumetric and structural modules (for example, construction of nuclear power plants (NPPs), transport infrastructure facilities, etc.). Such form of specialization develops at the level of large construction companies, development companies.

Technological specialization is characterized by the orientation of construction units on performance of certain types of works, that are similar in terms of technology and arrangement, as a result of which a certain stage of construction is completed (for example, construction of the reactor compartment at a NPP, auxiliary reactor buildings, a turbine building, that encompass concreting, finishing, heating installation works, etc.). This form was developed at the level of specialized construction companies, production flows, and construction sites.

Detailed specialization is the breakdown of the overall construction process into a number of specific processes and concentration of work performance in separate units (for example, production of building structures at reinforced concrete plants; manufacturing of assembly parts at the sites of construction companies; installation of building structures, brick and masonry on assembly sites) which ultimately contributes to the transformation of a construction site in the assembly area. Detailed specialization develops at the level of specialized units, teams and gangs.